Winter rye
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Khamarka
Dominant shortstemness, high frost tolerance, high winter hardiness
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Pamiat Khudoierka
A high-yielding cultivar. High frost tolerance, high winter hardiness
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Stoir
A high-yielding cultivar. High frost tolerance, high winter hardiness. A check cultivar for performance. Male component of hybrids Yupiter and Saturn
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Kalipso
A high-yielding cultivar. High frost tolerance, high winter hardiness
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Dikhar
A high-yielding cultivar. High frost tolerance, high winter hardiness. Male component of hybrids
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Kharlei F1
The first domestic three-line hybrid. High-yielding, suitable for groats production
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Saturn F1
High-yielding, suitable for groats production. High frost tolerance, high winter hardiness
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Yupiter F1
High-yielding, suitable for groats production. High frost tolerance, high winter hardiness
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Khanter F1
High-yielding. High frost tolerance, high winter hardiness
Modern rye cultivars and hybrids give higher yields, are resistant to lodging, and less affected by diseases. In terms of yields, they stand a good chance of exceeding winter wheat with less intensive technologies. In addition, there are the following advantages of winter rye:
- High winter hardiness (critical freezing point in rye is 4-50oC lower than that in wheat). In contrast to wheat, rye suffered to a lesser extent from the spring frosts in 1999-2000 and the harsh overwintering conditions in 2002-2003, 2005-2006 and 2009-2010.
- Less strict requirements to growing conditions due to a stronger root system, which is able to absorb poorly soluble substances, providing more stable yields.
- Less susceptibility to root rot, nematodes, invulnerability to head and loose smuts give certain benefits when growing rye in saturated grain crop rotations. Rye is a good forecrop for other crops on all types of soils due to low doses of fertilizers and plant protection agents as well as to small seeding rates.
- Higher drought resistance. Due to the earlier restoration of vegetation, rye plants have time to absorb water after snow thawing, and to form a strong branched root system that penetrates to a depth of 150 cm into soil and is able to absorb water from lower soil layers.
At present in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine, there are four rye hybrids and four rye cultivars bred at the Plant Production Institute named after VYa Yuriev of NAAS.
All domestic rye hybrids were created by the Plant Production Institute named after VYa Yuriev of NAAS.
Over the period of 1999 - 2021, ten F1 hybrids and two female forms (simple sterile hybrids) have been created and submitted to the state variety trials. Four hybrids are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine; two hybrids are being tested in the state variety trials.